Evidence-Based Nursing Research
type: channel
description: Evidence-Based Nursing Research is an international scientific open access, fully refereed journal published by EEP (https://eepublisher.net/). Our mission is to promote excellence in nursing and health care through the dissemination of evidence-based and peer-reviewed clinical information, original research, and discussion of relevant professional issues. EBNR provides an interdisciplinary forum for scholars of and from Africa and the Middle East region. Its contents cover both regional themes as well as global issues. EBNR will be published regularly four times a year in English. From day one, we set out to push the boundaries of Middle Eastern and African research to set a precedent for our scientific community
publisher: Egyptian Electronic Publisher
language: en
publication name: Evidence-Based Nursing Research
issn: 2636-3992
copyright: Open access articles are distributed under the terms of Creative Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited.
items: Perspectives of Patients and Healthcare Providers on Peer Support Strategies in Foot Self-Care among Diabetic Patients in Western Kenya
items: Effectiveness of an Integrated Clinical Management Strategy on Outcomes among Stroke Patients in Public Hospitals in Lake Region Counties, Kenya
items: Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Problem Solving, Critical Thinking Skills, and Metacognitive Awareness of Critical Care Nursing Students
items: Relationship between Coping Self-Efficacy and Perceived Social Support with Psychological Well-being among Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review
items: Correlation between Overthinking and Procrastination Behavior Among Nurses
items: Beyond Symptoms: How Access to Diagnostic Services Shapes Inflammatory Bowel Disease Detection at Kenya’s Tertiary Hospital
items: Factors Influencing the Major Trauma Clinical Outcomes in Hospitals in the Lake Region Economic Block (LREB), Kenya
items: Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Behavior Change Intervention in Addressing First Maternal Delay in Nakuru County, Kenya
items: Relation between Factors Affecting Animal Bite Poisoning and Patients’ Clinical Outcomes
items: Nurses' Knowledge of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Management in Selected Hospitals in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
items: Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Students at King Abdulaziz University Regarding Down Syndrome
items: Nursing Care for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Report of Six Cases
items: Predictors of Workplace Violence Against Nurses Working at A Tertiary Hospital in Kisumu, Kenya
items: Evaluation of Nurses' Competence in the Prevention of Peripheral Intravenous Cannula-Related Infections in Sub-County Hospitals, Eldoret, Kenya
items: Midwives' Support and Its Influence on Weight Gain for Neonates Under Kangaroo Mother Care in Western Kenya
items: Impact of the Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting on Functional Daily Living among Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Narrative Review
items: Nurses’ Performance on Intravenous Fluid Therapy and Associated Factors for Adult Medical-Surgical Patients in Kisumu County, Kenya
items: Factors Affecting Sleep Quality among Nursing Students at the Faculty of Nursing at King Abdulaziz University: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Relationship between Nurses’ Sexual Self-Concept and Performance of Sexual Health Care among Inpatients in South Rift, Kenya
items: Exploring Sleep Patterns of Children with ADHD: Mothers’ Perspectives in Saudi Arabia
items: Community Level Factors Influencing Contraceptives Use among Pastoralist Women in West Pokot County, Kenya: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
items: Paternalistic Leadership Training Program and Its Effect on Nurse Managers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior
items: Effect of an Alternative Birthing Positions Educational Intervention on Birth Outcomes among Parturient Women in Western Kenya
items: Knowledge and Perceptions Towards Cervical Cancer and Screening among HIV-infected Women Attending Public Health Facilities in Kisii County, Kenya
items: Assessment of Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge in Helping Babies Breathe Program at Birth in Turkana and West Pokot Counties, Kenya
items: Knowledge of Diabetes and its Herbal Treatment among Patients with Diabetes and Herbalists Living in Baringo County-Kenya
items: Respectful Maternity Care and Its Associated Factors at Kitale County Referral Hospital, Trans Nzoia County, Kenya
items: Factors Influencing the Utilization of Evidence-Based Practice among Nurse Clinicians in a Tertiary Hospital in Benin City, Nigeria
items: Effectiveness of Peer Support on Foot Self-Care Practices among Diabetic Patients in Western Kenya
items: Targeted Postnatal Care Implementation for Mothers in Selected Health Facilities in Western Kenya

Perspectives of Patients and Healthcare Providers on Peer Support Strategies in Foot Self-Care among Diabetic Patients in Western Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes need assistance in learning and maintaining self-care practices that support healthy living and prevent the development of complications. Despite numerous studies showing that providing informational, instrumental, emotional, and appraisal support have benefits if implemented, the reported benefits of these support strategies in foot self-care practices among diabetic patients remain variable, with very few studies documenting their use. In chronic disease management, peers can support their own recovery and the recovery of others through practical and emotional support, positive self-disclosure, promoting hope, empowerment, self-efficacy, and expanding social networks. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore patients’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives on peer support strategies in foot self-care practices among diabetic patients in Western Kenya. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among patients attending the diabetic clinic at teaching and referral hospitals in Western Kenya to explore patients’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives on peer support strategies in foot self-care practices. Fifty-eight participants were purposively sampled into the peer support groups. Additionally, thirty-seven health care providers, who were the key informants, were purposively sampled. Data collection was accomplished using a focus group discussion guide and a key informant guide. Data collection continued until data saturation was achieved. Qualitative data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically. Results: The findings indicated that peer support strategies fostered improved coping and greater emotional resilience among participants. Peer interactions were perceived as providing sufficient, reliable, and dependable assistance, with participants describing the support as both practical and emotionally helpful in addressing ongoing challenges. Healthcare providers repo…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetic patients, foot self-care, perspectives of peer support strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucy Kavinguha
creator: Tecla Sum
creator: Daniel Komen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-01
publication date: 2026-07-01
starting page: 64
ending page: 76
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i3.452

Effectiveness of an Integrated Clinical Management Strategy on Outcomes among Stroke Patients in Public Hospitals in Lake Region Counties, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: The integrated clinical management strategy is a standardized, evidence-based approach that integrates assessment, interventions, and multidisciplinary care to optimize outcomes for stroke patients. Globally, stroke remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, often resulting in reduced quality of life, disabilities, and chronic complications. Effective, coordinated management is therefore essential to improving patient outcomes. Aim: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an integrated clinical management strategy on outcomes among stroke patients in public hospitals in the Lake Region counties of Kenya. Methods: This study employed a mixed-methods design with an experimental and a control group. A total of 173 stroke patients were recruited from four referral hospitals, with 87 assigned to the intervention group and 86 to the control group. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, a key informant interview guide, and a health facility checklist. The research was conducted over a six-month period in the Lake Region Economic Bloc in western Kenya. Results: Findings on length of hospital stay show that among those in the intervention group 48 (64%) stayed ≤8 compared to 27 (36%) of the control with a statistically significant difference between the two groups at p=0.002. Among participants who died, the intervention group had a total of 4 patients (4.6%), and the control group had 14 patients (16.3%) at p=0.01. Regarding return to pre-stroke functional state recovery, the intervention group had (n=68; 63%) compared to the control group that recorded (n=40; 37%) patients that returned to the pre-stroke state at p<0.0001.Overall, the effectiveness of the Integrated Clinical Management Strategy for stroke patients revealed a statistically significant difference between the study and control group at p=0.048 with a positive outcomes appearing among the stroke patients in the intervention group compared to control. Therefore, rejecting…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Integrated clinical management strategy, outcomes, stroke patient
  topic: keywords
creator: Lydiah Nyachiro
creator: Damaris Ochanda
creator: John Okoth
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-01
publication date: 2026-07-01
starting page: 50
ending page: 63
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i3.451

Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Problem Solving, Critical Thinking Skills, and Metacognitive Awareness of Critical Care Nursing Students
type: item
description: Context: Problem-based learning should be formally integrated into the curriculum because it enhances students’ knowledge, reasoning abilities, and study skills while also supporting the development of clinical reasoning and critical thinking processes. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of problem-based learning on problem-solving, critical thinking skills, and metacognitive awareness among critical care nursing students. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with study and control groups was adopted to accomplish the objective of this study. The study was conducted in the classroom and the nursing skills laboratory at the Technical Institute of Nursing, Cairo University. A Convenience sample included all available students (60 students), divided into two groups of 30, comprising 30 first-year students from the Technical Institute of Nursing, Cairo University. Five tools were used in this study. They are a self-administered questionnaire, the Problem-Solving Process Measurement Scale, the Critical Thinking Disposition (CTD) scale, the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory scale, and the Course Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). Results: Before applying problem-based learning, there were no statistically significant differences between the control group (n=30) and the study group (n=30) regarding problem-solving skills (66.00±5.53 vs. 66.73 ± 4.58; p=0.516), critical thinking (49.50±3.60 vs. 51.30±5.76; p=0.139), metacognitive awareness (81.13±5.05 vs. 81.80±8.01; p=0.677), or overall skills score (196.63±8.87 vs. 199.83±9.98; p=0.189). Following the implementation of problem-based learning, the study group demonstrated markedly higher scores than the control group in problem-solving skills (144.76±1.79 vs. 82.00±7.84), critical thinking (130.73±1.89 vs. 74.60±6.61), metacognitive awareness (251.53±3.10 vs. 134.53±10.65), and total skills score (527.03±4.47 vs. 291.13 ± 16.31), with highly statistically significant differences (p≤0.001). Conclusion: Problem-based …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Critical care, critical thinking, metacognition, nursing students, problem-based learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Hend Moustafa
creator: Sahar Mohammad
creator: Fatma Mahrous
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-01
publication date: 2026-07-01
starting page: 39
ending page: 49
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i3.450

Relationship between Coping Self-Efficacy and Perceived Social Support with Psychological Well-being among Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review
type: item
description: Context: Cancer profoundly affects patients’ psychological well-being, disrupting emotional stability, social roles, and sense of self. Understanding the psychosocial factors that influence psychological well-being is essential for developing effective supportive care interventions. Aim: This scoping review systematically mapped the existing literature on the relationships among coping self-efficacy, perceived social support, and psychological well-being among cancer patients. Methods: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, a comprehensive search was conducted across EBSCO, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. Studies were included if they examined psychological well-being in adult cancer patients (≥18 years) using quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods designs, and were published in English between 2020 and 2025. Quality assessment was conducted using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for cross-sectional studies and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed for reporting. Results: Twelve studies comprising 4019 cancer patients were included. Nine studies achieved high methodological quality. Cancer patients generally maintained moderate to high levels of psychological well-being, though considerable individual variability existed. Social support emerged as the most robust predictor of psychological well-being across all studies, demonstrating consistent positive associations across diverse cultural contexts (Iran, Thailand, Ukraine, United States). Cancer stage was negatively associated with well-being, while demographic factors, including gender, education, and time since diagnosis, showed limited direct associations. Evidence regarding coping self-efficacy was limited; only one study assessed self-efficacy as a distinct construct and found a positive correlation with psychological well-being, though this relationship did not remain significant in multivariate analysis.…
subject: Scoping Review
  topic: section
subject: Psychological well-being, cancer patients, coping self-efficacy, perceived social support, scoping review
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Alghamdi
creator: Samah Sofar
creator: Fatmah Alsharif
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-01
publication date: 2026-07-01
starting page: 24
ending page: 38
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i3.447

Correlation between Overthinking and Procrastination Behavior Among Nurses
type: item
description: Context: A key challenge in understanding internalizing psychological disorders is identifying the cognitive processes that sustain distress and disrupt effective functioning. Recurrent, hard-to-interrupt thinking patterns may interfere with individuals’ ability to initiate and complete intended tasks. Concurrently, individuals may persistently delay necessary actions despite recognizing their negative consequences, indicating a breakdown between intention and behavior. This pattern of delay appears to be associated with seeking short-term emotional relief, reduced consideration of future outcomes, and avoidance of prolonged effort. While these issues have been studied independently, their overlapping mechanisms require further investigation. The potential role of repetitive cognitive processes in maintaining procrastination remains underexplored, suggesting a need to examine how these mechanisms contribute to functional impairment across internalizing conditions. Aim: This study aimed to assess the correlation between overthinking and procrastination behavior among nurses. Methods: This study utilized a descriptive correlational research design to gather data. It was conducted in both inpatient wards and outpatient clinics at Fayoum University Hospitals. A purposive sample of 151 nurses from various clinical departments participated. Data collection was conducted using a structured interview questionnaire that the assessment of sociodemographic characteristics, as well as the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) to measure levels of overthinking. The General Procrastination Scale (GPS) was used to measure procrastination behavior. Results: Demographic characteristics were as follows: most nurses were women (71.5%) and belonged to the 20–24 age group (54.3%). A notable proportion were unmarried (69.5%), and the majority held a bachelor’s degree of nursing (90.7%). Additionally, over half of the participants (56.3%) reported insufficient income. 15.2% of partic…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Overthinking, procrastination behavior, nurses
  topic: keywords
creator: Mona Abdelaal
creator: Huda Hamza
creator: Hoda Mohamed
creator: Fatma Eiz-Elregal
creator: Nashwa Ibrahim
creator: Enaam Farag
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-01
publication date: 2026-07-01
starting page: 11
ending page: 23
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i3.446

Beyond Symptoms: How Access to Diagnostic Services Shapes Inflammatory Bowel Disease Detection at Kenya’s Tertiary Hospital
type: item
description: Context: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is increasingly recognized in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet its detection in low-resource settings remains constrained by limited access to specialized diagnostic procedures. In Kenya, empirical evidence linking diagnostic access to IBD detection in tertiary hospitals is scarce. Aim: This study assessed whether access to selected diagnostic procedures influences the diagnosis of IBD at Kenyatta National Referral Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among patients attending the gastroenterology unit at KNH. Of the 184 patients approached, 151 completed the study (response rate: 82%). Data were collected using a researcher-administered questionnaire and a checklist verifying hospital records. Access to ten diagnostic procedures (bone chemistry, stool tests, blood tests, endoscopy, ultrasound, physical examination, X-ray, CT scan, liver function tests, and MRI) was assessed as a binary exposure. The outcome was confirmed IBD diagnosis (yes/no). Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and diagnostic access. Results: The mean age of participants was 38.6±2.41 years; 52.3% were females, 44.4% were married, and 41.7% had secondary education. Overall, 45 participants (29.8%) had IBD, while 106 (70.2%) were diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Among IBS cases, gastroesophageal and gastric disorders were most common (43.7%). Clinical symptoms frequently reported included abdominal pain (55.5%), diarrhea (50.3%), and dehydration (42.4%). Access to diagnostic procedures was generally low: 86.8% did not have access to MRI, 78.8% lacked access to bone chemistry testing, 78.8% could not access CT scans, 72.2% did not have access to blood tests, and 66.9% did not have access to endoscopy. Chi-square analysis showed no significant association between IBD diagnosis and access to all routine diagnostics procedures assessed by the study, including endoscopy (χ²=1.373…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Access to diagnostic services, inflammatory bowel disease, tertiary hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Sharon Kosegy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-07-01
publication date: 2026-07-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 10
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i3.442

Factors Influencing the Major Trauma Clinical Outcomes in Hospitals in the Lake Region Economic Block (LREB), Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Trauma contributes to substantial economic losses, accounting for over 3.9% of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In countries like Kenya, it heavily strains healthcare systems. Effective management of major trauma, particularly in emergency departments, is critical to improving outcomes and reducing preventable deaths. Aim: This study aimed to assess factors influencing the major trauma clinical outcomes at hospitals in the Lake Region Economic Block (LREB), Kenya. Methods: This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design and recruited 110 major trauma patients. A multi-stage sampling technique was utilized to select participants. The study was conducted in two major hospitals Kakamega and Vihiga counties. A trauma chart review form adapted from the WHO Data Set for Injury was used to collect data. Results: There was a trend-level correlation between the mechanism of injury and ICU admission (p=0.055). Patients who sustained gunshot injuries had the significant shortest hospital length of stay (4 days) compared to Road Traffic Accident (RTA) (19 days). Airway intervention had a statistically significant association with ICU admission (p<0.001), mortality (p<0.001), and hospital length of stay (p<0.008). Endotracheal intubation (ETT) and suctioning were more common among patients who were admitted to the ICU than among those who were not (21.7% vs 3.4%; 39.1% vs 20.7%, respectively). The majority (80%) of the patients who died had an airway intervention performed at the Emergency department (ED) with ETT and suctioning as the most common intervention (66.6%). ED duration and hospital Length of Stay (LOS) correlation was moderately positive (ρ=0.263, p=0.0055). Age and gender significantly contributed to ICU admission decisions (Δχ² = 24.80, p=0.010). Conclusion: Age and gender are associated with ICU admission. Gunshot injuries were linked to shorter hospital stays and death. Endotracheal intubation and suctioning were associated with the need for…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Factors, major trauma, outcomes
  topic: keywords
creator: Simon Ogana
creator: John Okoth
creator: Tecla Sum
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 41
ending page: 49
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i2.431

Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Behavior Change Intervention in Addressing First Maternal Delay in Nakuru County, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Globally, about 700 mothers die daily during pregnancy, labor, and childbirth, a steadily increasing trend, where 40% of the cases have been linked to the first maternal delay. Pregnant mothers who experience first delay are at risk of facing several health problems, accelerating other forms of maternal delays. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led behavior change intervention in addressing first maternal delay in Nakuru County, Kenya. Methods: The study employed a pre- and post-quasi-experimental design, utilizing a standard, structured questionnaire as a data collection tool for both the intervention and control groups. A total of 211 antenatal mothers were included in the study during pre-posttest, where 105 consented pregnant mothers at 28-30 gestational weeks, from 4 level 3 health center facilities received intervention (nurse-led behavior change intervention plus standard routine antenatal care (ANC)), while the remaining 106 consented pregnant mothers represented control group in the other 4 level 3 health facilities, they continued with their standard routine antenatal care only. The two arms of the study were studied for a period of 3 months. Results: The proportion of first maternal delay experienced among the intervention group during the baseline assessment was 78.1%, while the control group had 86.8%. However, after the study period utilizing nurse-led health education, those participants in the intervention group, experienced drastic reduction in first maternal delay experience to 0.95% (AOR, 0.004 and a p value <0.001), showing the transformative change. Conclusion: The nurse-led behavior change intervention significantly reduced the first maternal delay experience among study participants in the intervention group compared to the controls, specifically targeting the time taken to decide to seek care in an emergency during antenatal or childbirth, resulting in improvements in maternal and neonatal health. The stud…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Behavior change, first maternal delay, intervention, nurse led
  topic: keywords
creator: Grace Kibet
creator: Damaris Ochanda
creator: Tecla Sum
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 29
ending page: 40
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i2.430

Relation between Factors Affecting Animal Bite Poisoning and Patients’ Clinical Outcomes
type: item
description: Context: Globally, animal bite poisoning ranks as a leading cause of emergency department visits. Therefore, identifying clinical outcomes and understanding the associated factors is crucial for reducing mortality from poisoning. Aim: This study aimed to assess the relation between factors affecting animal bite poisoning and patients’ clinical outcomes. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was employed to achieve the study's aim. The study was conducted at the emergency department of Assiut General Hospital, an Egyptian Ministry of Health-affiliated hospital. The study included a purposive sample of 104 adult patients with snake and scorpion bites who were admitted to the previously mentioned setting. Data collection tools included the Sociodemographic Characteristics Assessment Questionnaire, Dunbar Scale for Animal Bite Patterns, Poisoning Severity Score, and Clinical Outcomes Assessment Record. Results: The current study reveals that 39.5% of the studied patients were in the age group 30-≤45, and 51.9% were males. The results showed that 42.4% of the studied patients had level 2 of animal bites, and 32.7% of them had moderate severity of poisoning. Furthermore, 98.1% and 96.2% of patients survived without tissue damage, respectively. In addition, a relationship was found between the level of animal bites and the clinical outcomes of patients (infection, shock), and a statistically significant relationship was observed between the severity of animal bites and certain clinical outcomes, including death, infection, tetanus, loss of function, scarring, tissue damage, shock, and osteomyelitis. Conclusion: The study findings indicate that the severity of animal bites significantly affects patient clinical outcomes, including death, infection, tetanus, loss of function, scarring, tissue damage, shock, and osteomyelitis. Additionally, the level of animal bites significantly impacts patient clinical outcomes. The study recommends implementing an appropriat…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Animal bite, clinical outcomes, factors, poisoning, patients
  topic: keywords
creator: Asmaa Ragheb
creator: Salwa Kamel
creator: Asmaa Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 18
ending page: 28
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i2.428

Nurses' Knowledge of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Management in Selected Hospitals in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains one of the most distressing side effects experienced by cancer patients, particularly in low-resource settings. Nurses play a central role in the prevention and management of CINV; however, variations in their knowledge can affect the quality of care, patient experiences, and patient outcomes. Aim: This study aimed to assess nurses' knowledge of CINV management in selected hospitals in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design was adopted, targeting 160 nurses directly involved in cancer care. Data were collected using structured questionnaires aligned with international CINV management guidelines. The study was conducted in selected public and private hospitals within Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, which hosts the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital—the largest referral facility in the western region—and several county- and faith-based hospitals providing oncology services. Results: A total of 58.0% of nurses demonstrated adequate knowledge of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) management, while 42.0% exhibited knowledge gaps. Male nurses were significantly less knowledgeable than their female counterparts (OR = 0.82; CI = 0.62–0.98; p = 0.05). Regarding work experience, higher knowledge levels were observed among nurses with more years of experience (6-11 years, 73.7%), and (over 10 years, 70%) at p<0.05; Knowledge levels increased with years of practice. Nurses with 2–5 years of experience (OR = 1.63; CI = 1.23–2.70; p = 0.01) and those with 6–10 years of experience (OR = 1.69; CI = 1.27–4.03; p = 0.02) were significantly more likely to be knowledgeable. Importantly, nurses with over 10 years of experience constituted 70% of those classified as knowledgeable, and the association between longer experience and higher knowledge levels was statistically significant (OR = 0.94; CI = 0.37-2.36; p = 0.03). Conclusion: The study concludes that while more than half of th…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting, nurse knowledge, cancer, Uasin Gishu County
  topic: keywords
creator: Linner Langat
creator: John Okoth
creator: Damaris Ochanda
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 10
ending page: 17
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i2.426

Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Students at King Abdulaziz University Regarding Down Syndrome
type: item
description: Context: Down syndrome (DS) is a disorder that occurs as a result of an individual having an additional chromosome that leads to several mental and physical development issues. This syndrome brings importance to the need for nurses who have an advanced knowledge regarding Down syndrome and know how to deal with it to improve their quality of life. However, limited research has been conducted to assess future nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward Down syndrome. Aim: This study aims to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of nursing students at King Abdulaziz University (KAU) regarding Down syndrome. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used, with an online knowledge assessment questionnaire. A purposive sample comprising 249 nursing students at the KAU Faculty of Nursing was recruited for this study. Results: 143(57.4%) students had a high level of knowledge about Down syndrome, and 210(84.3%) had a positive attitude toward Down syndrome. High knowledge was found to be high among fourth-year students (58, 70.7%) and students aged 21 and above (105, 65.6%). Conclusion: The study found that nursing students at the Faculty of Nursing, KAU, have strong knowledge and positive attitudes towards Down syndrome, indicating that future healthcare professionals have the potential to improve the quality of care for patients with DS. This study recommends developing targeted workshops that are enjoyable and educational, focusing on the management, prenatal screening, and social incorporation of DS content.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Attitude, Down syndrome, knowledge, nursing students
  topic: keywords
creator: Nahed Mersal
creator: Sarah Alsulami
creator: Reem Alharthi
creator: Sirin Alrougy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i2.425

Nursing Care for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: A Report of Six Cases
type: item
description: Context: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare, disseminated microvascular thrombosis-hemorrhagic syndrome with an extremely low incidence, rapid onset, and severe symptoms. The disease progresses rapidly, and if left untreated, it can lead to death. High-quality nursing management is crucial for ensuring patient prognosis during treatment. Currently, the development of nursing management systems for TTP patients has received relatively little attention, and evidence-based experience in TTP nursing interventions is limited. Aim: To summarize and analyze the nursing management experience of six patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), focusing on key strategies such as emergency care, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) coordination, medication monitoring, and psychological support, to provide practical references for improving clinical nursing quality and patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective descriptive case series was conducted at Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities. Baise, Guangxi, China, including six patients with secondary Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) admitted between May and September 2023. Data were obtained from medical records, laboratory reports, treatment documentation, and nursing care notes. Results: Following therapeutic plasma exchange and pharmacological treatment, combined with comprehensive nursing interventions—including emergency care, TPE-associated nursing management, medication monitoring, and psychological support—five patients showed significant clinical improvement and were successfully discharged, while one patient unfortunately succumbed to the disease. Conclusion: TTP is a rare, rapidly progressive, and critical thrombotic microangiopathy that requires early diagnosis, standardized treatment, and systematic nursing care. Based on the experience of six cases, the study recommends key strategies for treating TTP, including emergency care, plasma exchange, drug …
subject: Case Studies
  topic: section
subject: Case study, nursing management, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
  topic: keywords
creator: Meng Su
creator: Ai Tang
creator: Jian Li
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 46
ending page: 51
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i1.424

Predictors of Workplace Violence Against Nurses Working at A Tertiary Hospital in Kisumu, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Workplace violence (WPV) is any act in which a person is abused, threatened, intimidated, or assaulted in their work environment. It could involve physical, verbal, or written threatening behaviour or physical attacks. Workplace violence against nurses is increasingly becoming a major problem globally. Because of the nature of their work, nurses are at increased risk of workplace violence. Aim: To assess predictors of workplace violence against nurses working at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional study design among 184 nurses randomly selected from Jaramogi Oginga Odinga Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kisumu, Kenya. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire with questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, nature of their work, experience with workplace violence, and institutional factors that could be associated with workplace violence. Results: The nurses had a mean age of 37±9.5 years, with 62% being female. The majority (88%; n=162) were primary care nurses, 2(1.1%) were supervisors, and 20(10.9%) were in senior management. Workplace violence was reported by 70% of respondents working in the general surgery department (p<0.001). The presence of safety measures (p = 0.020), workplace violence measures (p<0.001), and the effectiveness of workplace violence management (p = 0.009) were significantly associated with a reduced risk of workplace violence. Conclusion: The study found a high prevalence of WPV among nurses working at a teaching hospital in Western Kenya. Working in the general surgery department, without adequate safety measures, significantly increased the risk of WPV. There is a need to understand institutional processes, procedures, and operations that reduce the likelihood of workplace violence in other hospital departments and apply these findings to the general surgery unit, where there was a higher prevalence of workplace violence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hospital, nurses, predictors, violence, workplace
  topic: keywords
creator: Anne Atogo
creator: Zablon Nyaberi
creator: John Arudo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 37
ending page: 45
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i1.423

Evaluation of Nurses' Competence in the Prevention of Peripheral Intravenous Cannula-Related Infections in Sub-County Hospitals, Eldoret, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Peripheral intravascular cannula, commonly used in inpatient settings for intravenous treatments, are frequently linked to complications such as infections, which can harm patient health and increase healthcare costs. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the competence of nurses in the prevention of cannula-related infections in newly upgraded sub-county hospitals. Methods: An Analytical cross-sectional design was employed across four sub-county facilities, with a quantitative approach used to describe and analyze the knowledge and skills of 86 nurses during the census. Direct observation was also conducted to determine whether nurses applied their theoretical knowledge and skills in practice. A structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used. Results: The study found that most nurses (87%) demonstrated adequate knowledge, correctly answering≥50% of the 10 knowledge items. The highest awareness was observed in areas such as skin preparation before cannula insertion (100%) and the use of non-sterile gloves and adherence to aseptic technique (97.7%). However, only 36.1% correctly knew the recommended time for cannula removal (12–72 hours), indicating a significant knowledge gap. Most nurses (70%) were skilled in performing intravenous therapy, including inserting, removing, and caring for a peripheral intravenous cannula. The overall competence was 66.3% in nurses who scored >50% in both knowledge and skills. Logistic regression further revealed that nurses with ≥10 years of experience were 1.53 times more likely to be competent (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.36–1.72; p<0.001), and those with 5–9 years had 1.22 times greater odds (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.17–1.81; p=0.050) compared to nurses with <5 years of experience. Conclusion: The study concluded that most nurses had adequate knowledge, particularly in key infection prevention practices such as skin preparation and aseptic technique. Notable gaps exist in specific areas of knowledge of the recommended can…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Peripheral intravenous cannula, infection, prevention, nurses' competence
  topic: keywords
creator: Kinya Riungu
creator: John Okoth
creator: Gordon Nguka
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 24
ending page: 36
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i1.422

Midwives' Support and Its Influence on Weight Gain for Neonates Under Kangaroo Mother Care in Western Kenya
type: item
description: Context: The World Health Organization strongly recommends Kangaroo Mother Care due to its favorable effects on reducing mortality among low-birth-weight neonates weighing less than 2500 grams. This nursing procedure has been approved as a therapeutic intervention due to a lack of incubators. Midwives are strongly encouraged to focus on developing the skill while adopting a functional approach to enhance the overall well-being of neonates with low birth weight. Aim: The study aims to examine midwives’ support and its influence on weight gain among neonates undergoing Kangaroo Mother Care in the Western Kenya sample region. Methods: The study used an analytical cross-sectional design. This design combined both qualitative and quantitative methods to examine midwives' support and its influence on KMC outcomes in Western Kenya. A multi-stage sampling approach was applied to select 275 mothers of low-birth-weight neonates enrolled in KMC in Busia, Kisii, and Migori counties. Data were collected using structured questionnaires for mothers and 12 key informant interviews (KIIs) for midwives. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, and binary logistic regression was employed to assess the effect of midwives' support on neonatal weight gain, with a significance level set at p ≤0.05. Thematic analysis of qualitative data from the 12 KIIs provided additional insights into how midwives’ support influences KMC outcomes. Results: The timing of Kangaroo Mother Care initiation significantly influenced weight-gain criteria (ꭓ2=46.89, p<0.0001), with immediate initiation associated with better outcomes. Maternal satisfaction with KMC strongly correlated with meeting weight gain (ꭓ2=43.72, p<0.0001). Support from midwives (OR 2.47, p=0.001) and midwives' knowledge (χ²=36.84, p<0.0001), as well as timely feedback on the neonate's progress (OR =3.92, p=0.0001), were also associated with meeting daily weight gain targets. The midwives described their roles in supporting K…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Influence, Kangaroo Mother Care, low-birthweight, midwives, neonate, support, weight gain
  topic: keywords
creator: Selline Mukabi
creator: Everlyne Morema
creator: Mary Kipmerewo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 14
ending page: 23
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i1.419

Impact of the Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting on Functional Daily Living among Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Narrative Review
type: item
description: Context: Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) is a common and unpleasant negative consequence of cancer therapy among colorectal cancer patients. It has the potential to significantly impact the patient's quality of life and may lead to reduced adherence to established therapeutic guidelines. Aim: The study aims to explore the impact of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting on functional daily living among patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted utilizing various electronic databases to locate pertinent studies, including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medical Literature Online (MEDLINE), and Google Scholar. Results: The review indicates that colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide, with increasing incidence particularly in low- and middle-income countries such as Saudi Arabia. Risk factors include age, genetics, and family history, along with modifiable behaviors such as unhealthy diet, obesity, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical inactivity. While early CRC is usually asymptomatic, advanced disease manifests with rectal bleeding, obstruction, and systemic complications. Preventive strategies such as screening and lifestyle modification reduce morbidity and mortality, and treatment varies by stage, incorporating surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a major challenge, impairing daily functioning and quality of life. Still, evidence supports a combination of pharmacological, non-pharmacological, and nursing interventions to improve patient outcomes. Conclusion: Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV) represent a prevalent and unpleasant negative consequence of cancer therapy among colorectal cancer patients. It can significantly affect the patient's quality of life and reduce treatment adherence. Therefore, a personalized approach to managin…
subject: Narrative Review
  topic: section
subject: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, functional daily living, impact
  topic: keywords
creator: Ruqia Alsomali
creator: Samah Sofar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v8i1.418

Nurses’ Performance on Intravenous Fluid Therapy and Associated Factors for Adult Medical-Surgical Patients in Kisumu County, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Adult inpatients need intravenous fluid therapy to prevent or correct fluid and electrolyte status. Global surveys on nurses' performance in intravenous fluid therapy revealed considerable gaps in knowledge and skills, highlighting an urgent need for education and awareness regarding intravenous fluids. Aim: The study aims to determine nurses’ performance on intravenous fluid therapy and associated factors for adult patients in selected referral hospitals in Kisumu County, Kenya. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional analytical design. The study area was selected from hospitals in Kisumu County. The study population included nurses working in medical and surgical units. A total of 110 nurses were included in the study. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 28. The tools utilized were a structured interview questionnaire that collected data on respondents' demographics and knowledge of intravenous fluid, and an intravenous fluid administration checklist with 20 steps of intravenous fluid administration adopted from the Nursing Procedure Manual of the Nursing Council of Kenya. Results: A total of 110 nurses participated in the study. Most respondents were aged between 31 and 40 years (55.4%); the majority, 62.7%, worked in surgical units. The majority of participants had a high level of knowledge, at 74 (67.0%). According to the checklist, 96.4% of nurses were able to review patients' records to verify intravenous fluid orders and medical histories, and 87.3% explained the procedure to patients. Preparation of the infusion bag which included verification of expiry date, placing bag on a flat surface, removing protective cap from the tubing, insertion of spike, hold port firmly with one hand then insert spike with other hand, priming tubing, calculation of drops and regulation of drops, inspect the IV site for complication, leaving patient comfortable and clears equipment was done by all the participant 110(100%), documentation of condition of IV …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Adult, factors, fluid therapy, intravenous, medical-surgical, nurses’ performance, patients
  topic: keywords
creator: Melisa Shivachi
creator: John Okoth
creator: Damaris Ochanda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 39
ending page: 48
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i4.415

Factors Affecting Sleep Quality among Nursing Students at the Faculty of Nursing at King Abdulaziz University: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Context: Sleep is a basic human requirement. Sleep quality varies from one person to another due to multiple factors, including environmental, biological, psychological, and social factors. Aim: This study aims to assess factors affecting sleep quality among nursing students at the Faculty of Nursing at King Abdulaziz University. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), using a convenience sample of 217 nursing students. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and a questionnaire assessing factors affecting sleep quality were utilized. Results: The average nursing student's total score of PSQI was 5.04±3.63, which was affected by several statistically significant factors such as academic year (p=0.002), gender (p=0.005), snoring while sleeping (p=0.018), noisy bedroom (p=0.038), uncomfortable bed or pillow (p=0.004), uncomfortable room lighting while sleeping (p=0.022), financial stress (p=0.000), social pressure (p=0.000), psychological stress (p=0.000), study loads and heavy homework (p=0.000), living away from family member (p=0.000). Smoking late in the day (p=0.000), taking a long nap during the day (p=0.000), thinking of the next day's engagements before bed (p=0.000), using bed for non-sleep related activities (p=0.004), studying or working intensively until late at night (p=0.000), eating fatty foods before bed (p=0.041), and no consistent bedtime routine (p=0.000) were among the statically significant factors that affect the sleep of nursing students at Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University. Conclusion: The sleep quality of nursing students was low, and it is influenced by demographic, biological, environmental, psychosocial, and behavioral factors. The study recommends educating nursing students about the effects of poor sleep and sleep-enhancing strategies, in conjunction with academic counseling to improve study skills, stress management, and tim…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Factors, nursing students, sleep quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Asmaa Khalil
creator: Ali Bamaylah
creator: Abdullah Alzahrani
creator: Abdulmalik Sabtan
creator: Abdulrahman Alshikhi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 38
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i4.413

Relationship between Nurses’ Sexual Self-Concept and Performance of Sexual Health Care among Inpatients in South Rift, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Sexual health is an essential component of human health and wellness, encompassing not only physical but also emotional and psychosocial well-being related to sexuality. This domain of life among hospitalized patients has, however, received little attention from health workers globally, with existing gaps between patients' care needs and sexual health services provided by nurses. Aim: This study determined the relationship between nurses’ sexual self-concept and performance of sexual health care among inpatients in the South Rift, Kenya. Methods: This study employed an analytical cross-sectional design, utilizing a self-administered questionnaire that was adapted to suit the study's aim. The study involved 171 nurses, drawn from a sample of 300 nurses working in medical and surgical units of level four and five hospitals in two counties. Results: The results showed that 65.5% of nurses had satisfactory performance in implementing sexual healthcare. Nurses' sexual self-concepts had a strong bearing on the performance of sexual health care (p-value =0.021; R Square=0.586) Conclusion: Nurses performed fairly in providing sexual health care services; however, there existed significant gaps related to nurses' sexual self-concept characteristics. A significant relationship was revealed between nurses’ self-concept and their performance of sexual health care. The study recommends that hospitals adopt guidelines to support the incorporation of sexual health care in every patient's routine care protocols in all clinical settings, and sexual health content should be expanded in nursing training curricular.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inpatients, multidimensional, nurses' performance, sexual self-concept
  topic: keywords
creator: Samson Keitany
creator: Everlyne Morema
creator: Gregory Sakwa
creator: Francis Muoki
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 20
ending page: 27
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i4.411

Exploring Sleep Patterns of Children with ADHD: Mothers’ Perspectives in Saudi Arabia
type: item
description: Context: ADHD, a neuro-developmental disorder, is characterized by core psychopathological features including inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Sleep disturbances are commonly observed among children with ADHD, resulting in heightened consequences such as compromised impulse control, difficulties in sustaining attention, and long-term impacts on academic performance, social interactions, and overall well-being. Aim: Explore the sleep patterns of children with ADHD from their mothers’ perspectives in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional research methodology was employed in this study, with a sample comprising 103 mothers whose children have been affected by ADHD. Data for the study was obtained through the utilization of online structured questionnaires as the primary data collection tool. Results: The study reveals that more than half of the children, specifically 58%, fell within the 6-12-year-old age range, boys constituted the predominant group, accounting for 74% of the children. 18% of mothers reported their children usually had sleeping problems, 49% reported their children had sleeping problems. 87% of mothers do not know about ADHD disorder, also 44% of them do not know about sleep problems. In terms of maternal interventions, a significant proportion of participants, namely 89%, took proactive measures, such as reading stories (89%), maintaining consistent sleep schedules, and creating a serene environment, as reported by 74% of the participants. The study identified several challenges associated with sleep, with bedtime resistance being the most reported issue at 74%. Conclusion: A significant number of mothers reported that their children with ADHD often experience significant sleep disturbances. This finding is particularly evident in boys aged 6 to 12, who are more susceptible to both ADHD symptoms and related sleep issues. Addressing these sleep challenges is crucial for improving their overall well-being. Parents need to u…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ADHD, children, mothers, Saudi Arabia, sleep pattern
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahad Albuqami
creator: Shahad Asiri
creator: Lamia Alsulami
creator: Amal Sijeeni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 12
ending page: 19
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i4.406

Community Level Factors Influencing Contraceptives Use among Pastoralist Women in West Pokot County, Kenya: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Context: Family planning is an essential aspect of reproductive health, crucial for controlling population growth, improving maternal and child health, and empowering women. However, its use in the pastoralist communities is still low. There is limited evidence about the determinants for non-utilization of contraceptives by marginalized populations. Aim: The study assesses community-level determinants affecting contraceptive usage among pastoralist women in West Pokot County, Kenya. Methods: The study employed a community-based, cross-sectional, correlational design involving 578 women aged 15–49 years. Multistage sampling was used, with 40 out of 115 community units being sampled. Quantitative data were gathered through a structured interview questionnaire, while the key informant guide and focused group discussion guide were used for qualitative data. Results: The study shows that 328(56.7%) of the respondents were aged between 14 and 29 years. The majority, 514(88.9%) of the respondents were married, and only 33(5.7%) were singles. The findings reveal religion support (p<0.001), cultural support (p<0.039), discussion with spouse (p<0.001), person who decided number of children (p<0.043), type of health facility seeking services from, and instances that could not access Family Planning method were associated with the uptake (p<0.05). Religion support (OR= 1.80; 95% CI: 1.31-2-46), cultural support (OR= 1.54; 95% CI: 1.02-2.32), discussion on family planning method with husband (OR= 2.46; 95% CI: 1.8- 3.37), who decides number of children jointly (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.00-2.17, p=0.043), and type of health facility seeking family planning services, private clinic (OR= 1.99; 95% CI: 0.99-3.97, p=0.051) and faith based facility (OR= 2.91; 95% CI: 1.26- 6.72, p=0.012) were markedly correlated with the use of family planning. Qualitative data identified distance and cost as significant barriers to accessing family planning. A participant had this to say: “You can get fami…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Contraceptive use, community, pastoralist, West Pokot, women
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuel Kipunaa
creator: Mary Kipmerewo
creator: Alex Chebor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i4.405

Paternalistic Leadership Training Program and Its Effect on Nurse Managers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior
type: item
description: Context: Paternalistic leadership behavior emphasizes traditionally based authority and familial-based relationships by promoting work engagement, empowerment, loyalty, and trust in healthcare organizations. Additionally, it enhances organizational citizenship behavior by guiding activities that contribute to achieving organizational goals. Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the impact of a paternalistic leadership training program on the organizational citizenship behavior of nurse managers. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design (one-group pre-/post-test) was employed. The study setting was at Ain Shams University hospitals (Ain Shams University Hospital, El-Demerdash Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecological Hospital, and Pediatric Hospitals). The study subjects included 98 nurse managers. Researchers gathered data using three tools, comprising the paternalistic leadership knowledge assessment questionnaire, the paternalistic leadership observational checklist, and the organizational citizenship behavior scale. Results: The study demonstrated a highly statistically significant improvement in nurse managers' knowledge, increasing from 12.2% pre-program to 77.3% post-program and then slightly declining to 70.2% at the follow-up phase. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in all dimensions of paternalistic leadership performance during both the post-program and follow-up phases of the intervention (p<0.001). Additionally, three-quarters (77.6%) of nurse managers had a negative level of organizational citizenship behavior before the program. Less than three-quarters of them (74.2% and 72.8%) had a positive level of organizational citizenship behavior post-program and in the follow-up, respectively. Conclusion: The paternalistic leadership training program enhances managers' knowledge of paternalistic leadership and improves their performance in this area, resulting in a positive impact on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Implem…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nurse managers, organizational citizenship behavior, paternalistic leadership
  topic: keywords
creator: Fawzia Badran
creator: Asmaa Elborai
creator: Amira Akeel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 53
ending page: 62
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i3.404

Effect of an Alternative Birthing Positions Educational Intervention on Birth Outcomes among Parturient Women in Western Kenya
type: item
description: Context: The second stage of labor is a critical phase that significantly influences maternal and neonatal outcomes. Although alternative birthing positions such as squatting, side-lying, kneeling, and all-fours have been shown to improve birth outcomes, their adoption in many low-resource settings remains low. In Kenya, most women deliver in the lithotomy position, often due to limited awareness, lack of provider support, and restrictive facility practices. Antenatal education may play a vital role in empowering women to adopt evidence-based birthing positions that improve delivery outcomes. Aim: The study aims to assess the effect of an educational intervention regarding alternative birthing positions on birth outcomes among parturient women in Western Kenya. Methods: This study utilized a (nonequivalent control group) quasi-experimental design. A total of 481 pregnant women in their third trimester were enrolled from two comparable referral hospitals, with 238 allocated to the intervention group and 243 to the control group. The intervention group received a structured antenatal educational program on alternative birthing positions, while the control group received routine antenatal care. Data was collected using structured questionnaires, observational checklists, and maternity records. Results: The intervention group experienced a significantly shorter mean duration of second-stage labor (18.9 minutes vs. 62.1 minutes in the control group; t=-18.8, p<0.0001). There was a significant reduction in the rate of episiotomy among the intervention group (4.7% compared to the control group (95.3%), which remained high (χ2 = 306.7, p<0.0001) and intact perineum (62.1.1% vs. 37.9%, p <0.0001) in the intervention versus the control group. Spontaneous vaginal delivery was 56.0% among the intervention group vs. 44% in the control group with p<0.0001. Neonates born to mothers in the intervention group had higher Apgar scores at one minute (≥7) compared to those in the contro…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alternative birth position, birth outcomes, education intervention
  topic: keywords
creator: Wilfrida Bore
creator: Mary Kipmerewo
creator: Tecla Sum
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 44
ending page: 52
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i3.402

Knowledge and Perceptions Towards Cervical Cancer and Screening among HIV-infected Women Attending Public Health Facilities in Kisii County, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Knowledge of cancer of the cervix and perceptions of the disease and screening are key determinants for the utilization of screening services among HIV-infected women. HIV infection predisposes women to an increased risk of having cancer of the cervix. Utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women is important as it leads to early diagnosis of pre-cancerous lesions and their prompt treatment. Kenya is among those countries in Africa reporting low screening rates for cancer of the cervix among HIV-infected women. Aim: This study sought to investigate the knowledge and perceptions towards cervical cancer and screening and their association with the uptake of screening services among HIV-infected women in Kisii County, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 612 HIV-infected women aged between 15-49 years who were attending HIV care clinics in two sub-county hospitals in Kisii County. The enrolled respondents were recruited through a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire focusing on socio-demographic parameters, knowledge of the disease and screening, perceptions of the disease, and screening practices. Results: The median age of the respondents was 42 years. Those with a primary level of education were 52.9% (n=324). The respondents who were married were 53.7% (n=329). A large proportion of the respondents were aware of and had heard about the disease and screening, at 86.6% (n=530) and 75.5% (n=462), respectively. Only 10.6% (n=65) of them knew that human papillomavirus caused cancer of the cervix, and 31.5% (n=193) of them knew that HIV was a risk factor for cancer of the cervix. A large proportion of the respondents, 53.1% (n=325), had low levels of total knowledge of cervical cancer and screening scores. A statistically significant association (p ≤ 0.05) was observed between the uptake of screening and knowledge of cervical cancer screening, as well as perceived benefits and ba…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cervical cancer, HIV-infected women, knowledge, perceptions, screening
  topic: keywords
creator: Isaac Ogoncho
creator: Sabina Wakasiaka
creator: Irene Mageto
creator: Margaret Chege
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 36
ending page: 43
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i3.396

Assessment of Healthcare Providers’ Knowledge in Helping Babies Breathe Program at Birth in Turkana and West Pokot Counties, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Globally, 2.3 million neonatal deaths were documented in the year 2022, predominantly occurring in low-income nations. Among these, roughly 23% are attributed to asphyxia. The initial minute after birth, often referred to as the "golden minute," holds immense significance in the lives of newborns. Therefore, it necessitates the newborn's initiation and continual maintenance of spontaneous breathing. A skill that healthcare providers (HCPs) must be well conversant with, especially those working in labor rooms. The Kenya Demographic Health Survey (KDHS) 2022 report indicated that West Pokot and Turkana counties had high neonatal mortality rates of 27 and 21 deaths per 1000 live births, respectively. Aim: The study aimed to assess the knowledge level of healthcare providers (HCPs) regarding helping babies breathe in Turkana County and West Pokot County. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional descriptive design, utilizing quantitative methodologies to assess the knowledge of healthcare professionals (HCPs) regarding the facilitation of newborn respiration. Six facilities in West Pokot and Turkana Counties were purposefully selected. The study encompassed 71 healthcare professionals (HCPs), including nurses, medical officers, and clinical officers, from West Pokot and 74 from Turkana, who had served in the maternity, operating theatre, and newborn unit for the preceding year, allowing for a census approach. Data collection involved administering digitized, interviewer-administered questionnaires in three health facilities in Turkana County and three in West Pokot County to assess healthcare providers' (HCPs') knowledge of helping newborns breathe at birth. Results: Out of the total participants, 51(35.2%) HCPs demonstrated adequate knowledge in helping newborns breathe at birth, scoring ≥50%, while 94(64.8%) exhibited inadequate knowledge. Both the healthcare facility (p = 0.002) and cadre (p = 0.023) were identified as statistically significant determina…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Healthcare providers, Helping Babies Breathe, knowledge, Turkana, West Pokot
  topic: keywords
creator: Weldon Chepkwony
creator: Alex Chebor
creator: Priscah Mosol
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 24
ending page: 35
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i3.394

Knowledge of Diabetes and its Herbal Treatment among Patients with Diabetes and Herbalists Living in Baringo County-Kenya
type: item
description: Context: The use of herbal medication in Baringo County-Kenya in managing ailments, especially chronic ones, is very common. Such chronic ailments include cancer, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. This use is even though there is little information on whether the prescribers (herbalists) and those using the herbs (patients with diabetes) understand what generally diabetes mellitus is, its signs and symptoms, the sources of their herbs, and also the side effects of the herbs they are using. Aim: The investigation aims to determine the knowledge of herbalists and patients with diabetes about diabetes mellitus disease and its herbal treatment. Methods: The study was conducted in Baringo County, Kenya, known for using herbal medication. A prevalence study design was utilized. The sample size included thirty-nine (39) patients with diabetes and twelve (12) herbalists. The data collection instruments were an investigator-directed questionnaire and a face-to-face interview study guide for patients with diabetes and herbalists. Results: One-third (33% [4/12]) of the herbalists define diabetes mellitus as high and low blood sugar, while a few 16.7% (2/12) see it as 'blood sugar instability.' More than three-quarters of the diabetic patients (77% [30/39]) described diabetes as a disease with no cure, and slightly more than half (54% [21/39]) testified that hospital treatment of diabetes was exorbitant. According to patients with diabetes mellitus, xerostomia (69.2%), recurrent micturition (56.4%), and polyphagia (51.3%) were the major signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus, while according to herbalists, asthenia (66.67% [8/12]), polydipsia (33.30% [4/12]), and chronic wounds (25% [3/12]). Only one (8% [1/39]) patient with diabetes reported using herbal medications alone, while the rest used in combination with other conventional drugs (medicines prescribed in health care settings). More than half (51% [20/39]) of patients diagnosed with diabetes used their herbal medicat…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetes, herbal treatment, herbalists, knowledge, patients
  topic: keywords
creator: Alex Chebor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 12
ending page: 23
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i3.393

Respectful Maternity Care and Its Associated Factors at Kitale County Referral Hospital, Trans Nzoia County, Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Respectful maternity care (RMC) comprises the seven elements as enlisted by the World Health Organization, including harm-free care, consensual care, confidentiality, dignity, non-detention, non-abandonment, and care without discrimination, which ensures that a pregnant mother is accorded respect whenever they seek maternal services at health facilities during pregnancy, labor, delivery and postnatal period. Various factors play a role in respectful maternity care, including maternal factors, singular health provider factors, health system factors, and other systemic factors. These factors have been known to play a critical role when a mother seeks care in a health facility, even determining the kind of care the mother will be offered. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate respectful maternity care and its associated factors at Kitale County Referral Hospital in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used. Data was collected using pre-tested questionnaires among mothers (n=260) who had delivered and were in the postnatal ward at Kitale County Referral Hospital, Trans Nzoia County, Kenya. Results: Most (83.5%) mothers were accorded respectful maternity care while in the health facility. The following factors were significantly associated with respectful maternity care; marital status: Married [OR=1.51 (95% CI: 0.46-2.33), p=0.002], residence: Urban [OR=1.46 (95% CI: 0.35-3.01), p=0.025], employment type: Housewife [OR=1.83 (95% CI: 1.61-3.26), p=0.001], parity: Three [OR=1.74 (95% CI: 0.27-3.28), p=0.001], place of last delivery: Hospital [OR=2.01 (95% CI: 1.51-2.45), p=0.016], mode of delivery: Spontaneous vertex delivery [OR=1.13 (95% CI: 0.24-3.28), p=0.018], occurrence of complication after delivery: Yes [OR=2.17 (95% CI: 0.25-1.26), p=0.001], waiting time: Less than half an hour [OR=2.1 (95% CI: 1.32-3.21), p=0.003], waiting time was okay: Yes [OR=1.1 (95% CI: 1.46-3.68), p=0.018], number of health providers …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Associated factors, Kenya, Respectful maternity care
  topic: keywords
creator: Georgeadez Sabwami
creator: Mary Kipmerewo
creator: Tecla Sum
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-07-01
publication date: 2025-07-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i3.391

Factors Influencing the Utilization of Evidence-Based Practice among Nurse Clinicians in a Tertiary Hospital in Benin City, Nigeria
type: item
description: Context: The increased healthcare demand, technological advancements, and knowledge explosion have necessitated a paradigm shift from nursing practice based on intuition and tradition to evidence-based practice. Aim: The study aimed to assess factors influencing the utilization of evidence-based practice among nurse clinicians in a tertiary hospital in Benin City, Nigeria Methods: The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional correlational study design among randomly selected 248 nurses at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. The researchers developed a structured, validated questionnaire that was used as an instrument of data collection. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics, while the hypothesis was tested using multiple logistic regression at a 5% significance level. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 28. Results: Results showed that 192(77%) of the nurses had a positive attitude toward evidence-based practice; the findings show 184(74.2%) of the nurses had a low level of utilization of evidence-based practice. Key barriers to implementing evidence-based practice (EBP) among nurses, including lack of confidence in judging research quality (Mean: 2.8), uncertainty about applying research to practice (Mean: 2.8), insufficient time (Mean: 2.8), heavy workload (Mean: 2.8), and lack of workplace authority (Mean: 2.8). Female: (p=0.071, OR = 5.813, 95% CI=2.117−2.254), 31-40 years: (p=0.829, OR=7.289 95% CI=0.118−2.230), 11-15 years of experience (p=0.120 [OR] = 4.812, 95%[CI] = 2.392-12.392), Principal Nursing Officer (p=0.219 [OR] = 6.89, 95%[CI] = 0.041-5.172, more likely to utilize evidence-based nursing practice compared to other categories of nurses. Conclusion: Utilization of evidence-based practice (EBP) remains low, primarily due to barriers such as time constraints, heavy workloads, and a lack of confidence. Despite these challenges, nurses exhibit a positive attitude toward EBP. Enhancing education, strengthening leadership s…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Clinician, evidence-based practice, nurses, utilization
  topic: keywords
creator: Timothy Ehwarieme
creator: Yetunde Olawale
creator: Mary Oderinde
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-01
publication date: 2025-04-01
starting page: 53
ending page: 63
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i2.388

Effectiveness of Peer Support on Foot Self-Care Practices among Diabetic Patients in Western Kenya
type: item
description: Context: The global burden of diabetes is steadily rising with a parallel increase in related complications. Individuals with chronic conditions such as diabetes need assistance in learning, mastering, and sustaining complex self-care practices that support healthy living and prevent the development of complications. Peer support is an effective and cost-friendly intervention in the self-management of chronic health conditions to not only enhance self-care practices among diabetic patients but also prevent complications. Despite numerous literature showing evidence that peer support has benefits if implemented, its effectiveness on foot self-care practices among diabetic patients remains variable with very few studies documenting its use. Aim: The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of peer support on foot self-care practices among diabetic patients in Western Kenya. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group post-test-only study. The intervention involved peer support in addition to standard treatment compared to standard treatment only in the control group. The study population was diabetic patients attending clinics in tiers five and six hospitals in Western Kenya. The sample size was calculated using the Charan and Biswas formula, and 58 participants per study site, totaling 116 individuals participated. Participants were conveniently sampled into the intervention and control groups. Data was collected using researcher-administered structured questionnaires while foot self-care practices were assessed using the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare Questionnaire (NAFF). Results: The intervention group showed significantly higher mean foot care practice scores of 61.1 compared to the mean of 35.7 in the control group (F=444.7, p<.001) with a substantial partial Eta2 of 0.84. Level of education, employment status, positive attitude towards foot care, and self-evaluation significantly influenced foot self-care practices. Conclusi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetic patients, foot self-care practices, peer support, Western Kenya
  topic: keywords
creator: Lucy Kavinguha
creator: Tecla Sum
creator: John Okoth
creator: Morris Senghor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-01
publication date: 2025-04-01
starting page: 40
ending page: 52
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i2.387

Targeted Postnatal Care Implementation for Mothers in Selected Health Facilities in Western Kenya
type: item
description: Context: Postnatal care (PNC) is essential in improving maternal health and reducing maternal mortality, especially in low-resource settings. Targeted Postnatal Care (TPNC) is an approach to postnatal care for mothers and newborns that involves a set of assessments and interventions given in four scheduled visits from birth to 6 months postpartum. The goal is to improve outcomes for these mothers and babies. Aim: This study aimed to assess the implementation of targeted postnatal care interventions for mothers and their variation across four scheduled visits at selected health facilities in Kakamega County, Western Kenya. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) units of selected public health facilities in Kakamega County, a county in the Western region of Kenya. It employed quantitative methods in data collection using a combined tool containing a questionnaire and observation schedule. Data collected from 160 mothers was descriptively analyzed, where the mean, median, and standard deviation were computed and compared across the visits. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to measure the significance of the variations in implementation across the various visits. Results: The study highlighted significant variations in the provision of maternal care between different visits, with the implementation of TPNC interventions highest within the first 48 hours after delivery (66.62%) and declining at subsequent visits 47.38% at 2-4 weeks, reaching 51.98, at 4-6 weeks, and 50% at 4-6 months. Despite the World Health Organization's recommendations for comprehensive postnatal assessments, the findings reveal gaps in care delivery, such as low rates of health education about maternal HIV testing (20%) within 48 hours and 21.25% at 2-4 weeks, physical examinations (46.88%) at 2-4 weeks and 27.5% at 4-6 months visits, mental health assessments (6.88%) at 2-4 weeks and STI screening at 4-6weeks was 16.10%. There were inconsisten…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mothers, target postnatal care, Western Kenya
  topic: keywords
creator: Ruth Shitabule
creator: Everlyne Morema
creator: Tecla Sum
creator: Morris Shisanya
creator: Eric Kibai
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Evidence-Based Nursing Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-01
publication date: 2025-04-01
starting page: 32
ending page: 39
doi: 10.47104/ebnrojs3.v7i2.386