Perspectives of Patients and Healthcare Providers on Peer Support Strategies in Foot Self-Care among Diabetic Patients in Western Kenya

Resumen

Context: Patients with chronic conditions such as diabetes need assistance in learning and maintaining self-care practices that support healthy living and prevent the development of complications. Despite numerous studies showing that providing informational, instrumental, emotional, and appraisal support have benefits if implemented, the reported benefits of these support strategies in foot self-care practices among diabetic patients remain variable, with very few studies documenting their use. In chronic disease management, peers can support their own recovery and the recovery of others through practical and emotional support, positive self-disclosure, promoting hope, empowerment, self-efficacy, and expanding social networks.

Aim: The aim of the study was to explore patients’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives on peer support strategies in foot self-care practices among diabetic patients in Western Kenya.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among patients attending the diabetic clinic at teaching and referral hospitals in Western Kenya to explore patients’ and healthcare providers’ perspectives on peer support strategies in foot self-care practices. Fifty-eight participants were purposively sampled into the peer support groups. Additionally, thirty-seven health care providers, who were the key informants, were purposively sampled. Data collection was accomplished using a focus group discussion guide and a key informant guide. Data collection continued until data saturation was achieved. Qualitative data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically.

 Results: The findings indicated that peer support strategies fostered improved coping and greater emotional resilience among participants. Peer interactions were perceived as providing sufficient, reliable, and dependable assistance, with participants describing the support as both practical and emotionally helpful in addressing ongoing challenges. Healthcare providers reported that informational, emotional, instrumental, and appraisal support were essential components of patient care; however, their delivery was constrained by high patient load, limited time, and lack of structured systems.

Conclusion: Peer support represents a valuable approach for enhancing coping and emotional resilience by providing dependable and meaningful support, underscoring its relevance in addressing both practical and emotional aspects of chronic disease management. The study recommends integrating peer support programs into diabetes care settings to maximize the benefits of all the support strategies. This ensures that patients receive holistic support that addresses both their practical and emotional needs.